Contribution à l’étude chimique et biologique des huiles essentielles de Cistus salviifolius L

Abstract

The genera Cistus present groups of about twenty species of shrubs. They belongs to the family of Cistaceae, which are very common throughout the Mediterranean region. Cistus salviifolius L, commonly called Cfeira or Melliya. It is a species of the genus Cistus which is found in the forest region of Mount Ouarsenis (north-west Algeria), exactly in the National Park of Theniet El Had in the Wilaya of Tissemsilt. This study was undertaken to evaluate the antibacterial effects of the essential ulcer of C. salviifolius L. obtained by hydrodistillation (Clevenger type), and to identify its chemical composition as well as the examination of the effect of the drying time in the shade on the yield of essential oil, in order to optimize this parameter which will most often remain uncontrolled for producers. The optimum yield recorded is about 0.07±0.02%, obtained during the third day of drying. The characterization of the essential oil by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, shows the existence of 39 components, dominated essentially by chemical groups belonging to oxygenated sesquiterpenes (30.76%), oxygenated monoterpenes (17.94%), hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes, esters, diterpenes which register an equivalent percentage of 12.82%. Antibiogram performed by the agar diffusion method revealed that the antibiotics with the largest inhibition zones are Fosfomycin against Staphylococcus aureus (30.20mm), Kanamycin against Bacillus subtilis (28.50mm), Ceftazidime and Rifampicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (27.20 and 27.10 mm respectively). The antibacterial activity of the essential oils measured in vitro was interesting, the diameters of inhibition zones obtained being of the order of 24.7, 23.6, 16.07, 14.74, 12.00, 9. 00mm against the respective germs Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis, while the respective MIC values recorded were 1/3000, 1/2000, 1/250, 1/4000, 1/250,1/250 (v/v). Based on the results of this study, new antibacterial agents could be developed and the use of C. salviifolius L should be encouraged in the pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.